Search results for " fairness"

Energy Efficiency Optimization for Multi-cell Massive MIMO : Centralized and Distributed Power Allocation Algorithms

2021

This paper investigates the energy efficiency (EE) optimization in downlink multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). In our research, the statistical channel state information (CSI) is exploited to reduce the signaling overhead. To maximize the minimum EE among the neighbouring cells, we design the transmit covariance matrices for each base station (BS). Specifically, optimization schemes for this max-min EE problem are developed, in the centralized and distributed ways, respectively. To obtain the transmit covariance matrices, we first find out the closed-form optimal transmit eigenmatrices for the BS in each cell, and convert the original transmit covariance matrices desi…

The Consistency of Fairness Rules: An Experimental Study

2010

In the last two decades, experimental papers on distributive justice have abounded. Two main results have been replicated. Firstly, there is a multiplicity of fairness rules. Secondly, fairness decisions differ depending on the context. This paper studies individual consistency in the use of fairness rules, as well as the structural factors that lead people to be inconsistent. We use a within-subject design, which allows us to compare individual behavior when the context changes. In line with the literature, we find a multiplicity of fairness rules. However, when we control for consistency, the set of fairness rules is considerably smaller. Only selfishness and strict egalitarianism seem to…

Fairness Considerations in Labor Union Wage Setting : A Theoretical Analysis

2012

We consider a theoretical model in which unions not only take the outside option into account, but also base their wage-setting decisions on an internal reference, called the fairness reference. Wage and employment outcomes and the shape of the aggregate wage-setting curve depend on the weight and the size of the fairness reference relative to the outside option. If the fairness reference is relatively high compared to the outside option, higher wages and lower employment than in the standard model will prevail. If hit by an adverse technology shock, the economy will then react with a stronger downward adjustment in employment, whereas real wages are more rigid than in the standard model. W…

The hidden side of the Ultimatum Game: The role of motivations and mind-reading in a two-level one-shot Ultimatum Game

2015

The main aim of our study is to investigate the role of motivations and mind-reading in a two-level one-shot Ultimatum Game with three players. Our intention is to analyse subjects’ behaviour in both the responder and proposer roles. In the responder role, we found that the difference between the subjects’ expectations and the actual offers was the major factor that influenced their decisions and motivations in receiving money. In the proposer role, our results showed a significant influence of mind-reading, with a positive association between the fairness of subjects’ offers and the subjects’ expectations about the recipients’ willingness to accept. Although a shared concept of fairness ex…

The impact of fairness on the performance of crowdsourcing an empirical analysis of two intermediate crowdsourcing platforms

2016

This research aims to investigate mechanisms available to the seeker to encourage participation of solvers to a challenge. We hypothesize that specific crowdsourcing mechanisms, reducing the information asymmetry of solvers on the challenge, increase solvers’ perception of procedural and distributive fairness and incentive their self-selection process. Moreover, posing problem in an ‘open’ manner exposes seekers to possible opportunism risks. Thus, seekers utilize many safeguard contractual mechanisms to mitigate these risks and protect the information shared in a challenge. By using data from two intermediate crowdsourcing pltaforms, we provide that safeguard mechanisms may have a drawback…

La gestione del demanio marittimo nella evoluzione del paesaggio costiero

2017

Le linee di costa sono da sempre il luogo fisico a maggiore gradiente di immaterialità, a più alta densità di valore esperienziale, a più elevata tensione localizzativa. Con specifico riferimento all’uso dei litorali, alla loro conservazione e valorizzazione, all’accesso a essi, in quanto commons e heritage-goods, l’articolo avanza alcune considerazioni generali che richiamano temi di pianificazione ampi e profonde questioni valutative. Lo studio proposto intende indicare alcune componenti strutturali (in senso paesaggistico), caratteristiche salienti (in senso assiologico) e potenzialità (in senso progettuale) del patrimonio costiero. Il lavoro prende spunto dall’osservazione di alcuni cas…

Fairness aware rate adaptation and proportional scheduling for IEE 802.11 wlans using FSE

2015

With its rapid development in the wireless markets, IEEE 802.11 WLAN is experiencing a huge popularity. However, due to the limitation of frequency bandwidth of WLANs, it is essential that the available radio resource should be fully utilized to offer different services to multiple users. In order to maximize system throughput while still guaranteeing the fairness among users, a proportional fairness based algorithm is proposed in this work. Since most of the previous resource allocation algorithms were simply based on the channel conditions without taking into account user’s demand, in this paper, we introduce the theory of fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) which also allows us to consider …

Servicios de intermediación en línea en Europa : diseño de un sistema específico de solución de controversias

2021

Este trabajo analiza el sistema de solución de controversias específicamente diseñado, con la introducción de alternativas a la jurisdicción, en el Reglamento (UE) 2019/1150 sobre el fomento de la equidad y la transparencia para los usuarios profesionales de servicios de intermediación en línea, que ha entrado recientemente en vigor.

The Right to Legal Assistance in Criminal Proceedings

2021

The Role of Searle's Constitutive Rules for the Rational Criticizability of Institutional Reality

2013

My hypothesis is that we can derive the normative conditions that institutions and institutional acts have to meet in order to be rationally acceptable/recognizable from the logical structure of institutional reality. Developing Searle's achievements on the constitutive role of speech acts in the construction of institutional reality and on their character of institutional acts, I'll show that the same types of constitutive rules underlying illocutionary acts also underlie institutional reality. I’ll then argue that we can derive a specific set of normative criteria for the rational criticizability of institutional acts from these constitutive rules in the same way that we can derive normat…